The armed forces also enjoyed considerable autonomy....The Fascist militia was placed under military control....The judicial system was left largely intact and relatively autonomous as well. Fascist Identity. Duke University Press, 2007. p. 77.Mark Antliff. The Gestapo confiscated hundreds of monasteries in Austria and Germany, evicted clergymen and laymen alike and often replaced crosses with swastikas.In the 1920s, Fascist Italy pursued an aggressive foreign policy that included an attack on the Greek island of The March on Rome brought Fascism international attention. Fascism uses Social Darwinism as its base. Usurpation: The state overtakes and merges with corporate power and sometimes the church. The fascist dramaturgy centers on the orgiastic transactions between mighty forces and their puppets, uniformly garbed and shown in ever swelling numbers.
- Fascism is a fear reaction to Communism. Duke University Press, 2007. pp.
"Fascist Modernism" by Jobst Welge. Mussolini unleashed, 1939–1941: Politics and Strategy in Fascist Italy's Last War. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, p. 178.Peter Davies, Derek Lynch. p. 52.Paul O'Brien.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The dominant forces of the 19th century, democracy, socialism, liberalism have been exhausted...the new political and economic forms of the twentieth-century are fascist'(Mussolini 1935: 32).The basis of fascism's support of violent action in politics is connected to social Darwinism.Italian Fascism pursued what it called "moral hygiene" of youth, particularly regarding Mussolini perceived women's primary role as primarily child bearers and men, warriors—once saying: "War is to man what maternity is to the woman".The German Nazi government strongly encouraged women to stay at home to bear children and keep house.The Nazis decriminalized abortion in cases where fetuses had hereditary defects or were of a race the government disapproved of, while the abortion of healthy pure German, The Nazis said that homosexuality was degenerate, effeminate, perverted and undermined masculinity because it did not produce children.In Italy, such modernist influence was exemplified by Marinetti who advocated a palingenetic modernist society that condemned liberal-bourgeois values of tradition and psychology, while promoting a technological-martial religion of national renewal that emphasized militant nationalism.Fascist aesthetics ... flow from (and justify) a preoccupation with situations of control, submissive behavior, extravagant effort, and the endurance of pain; they endorse two seemingly opposite states, egomania and servitude. Hitler, 1889–1936: hubris. It expanded the powers of the executive—party and state—in a bid for total control. Avant-garde fascism: the mobilization of myth, art, and culture in France, 1909–1939. ), Vivian Liska (ed.). "Fascism has been widely criticized and condemned in modern times since the defeat of the Axis Powers in World War II. set of ideas that provides the basis for organized political actiondescribe what is, explain why it is, propose what should be, and provide a program of actionfeminism, ecologism, multiculturalism, religious fundamentalismstate regulation of economy, trade, redistributive taxation, labour relations, healthcare, childcarereligion, politics, abortion, immigration, law and order, drugs, assisted deathgreenhouse gas emissions, carbon pricing, pipelinesall liberals aims to promote liberty, liberals value libertyreligious toleration, freedom of the press, abolition of servile social statusnot the state's role to decide what is true and false, fundamental equality of all human beings, inequality is an artifact/creation of human beings (not natural)medieval Europe, state posed religion on people, monarch in charge with unlimited power, this was challenged and overthrownprotestant reformation - against church corruption, unintentionally paves way for religious tolerationconstitutional monarchy, freedom of worship for dissenters, religious tolerationno taxation without representation, all men created equal, legitimate government protects natural rightsrights of man and citizen, equal opportunity, constitutional government, religious tolerationself-evident that people are equal, human rights revolution, nation is source of legitimacy, everyone has human rightsemphasizes individual reason, science, discussion, argument, free from superstitionforbearance, strongly disagree about something but still tolerate it allow individuals to pursue own conception of good human lifestate should allow people to design their own livescan't just decide certain things (e.g. Routledge, 1998. p. 121. "Handbook of the sociology of the military", David Carroll. Private and public enterprise in Europe: energy, telecommunications and transport, 1830–1990. 122–23.MacGregor Knox. Fascism: Doctrine and Institutions. The core principle — what Paxton defined as fascism's only definition of morality — is to make the nation stronger, more powerful, larger and more successful. Avant-garde fascism: the mobilization of myth, art, and culture in France, 1909–1939. Mussolini in the First World War: The Journalist, The Soldier, The Fascist. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1999. pp.
Liberals typically believe that government is necessary to protect individuals from being harmed by others, but they also recognize that government itself can pose a threat to liberty. Integral Europe: fast-capitalism, multiculturalism, neofascism. It changed the practice of citizenship from the enjoyment of constitutional rights and duties to participation in mass ceremonies of affirmation and conformity.